Sunny, hot days are back in season, and while summer invites more time outside, extreme heat can quickly become dangerous. Understanding the different types of heat-related illnesses, and what to do for each can help prevent serious health risks. 

One of the most severe heat-related illnesses is heat stroke. This occurs when the body can no longer regulate its temperature, causing it to rise to 104°F or higher. Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache, unconsciousness, confusion, and hot or damp skin. In severe cases, heat stroke can be fatal. Since heat stroke can be life threatening, it is critical to call 911 immediately. While waiting for help, move the person to a cooler place, loosen their clothing, and apply cold packs to the head, neck, and armpits. Avoid giving fluids if the person is vomiting or not fully alert, as this may increase the risk of choking. 

Less severe, but still serious, is heat exhaustion. This condition occurs when the body loses too much water and salt, making it hard to cool down properly. Symptoms can include heavy sweating, tiredness, clammy skin, fainting, and muscle cramps. If someone is experiencing heat exhaustion, move them to a cool area, loosen or remove excess clothing, and encourage them to sip water. Medical attention should be sought if symptoms worsen or last longer than one hour.

Another common heat-related illness is heat cramps, which can affect people who work or exercise outside. These painful muscle cramps typically occur in the legs, arms, or abdomen. To relieve heat cramps, individuals should stop activity, move to a cool place, and drink water or a sports drink with electrolytes. It is important to wait until cramps have fully subsided before returning to physical activity.

Residents that are in need of a way to cool down during extreme heat can visit a cooling center. Putnam County libraries operate as cooling centers and welcome anyone who needs a break from the heat. Calling ahead is advised to check open hours. 

Brewster Library—845-279-6421 (Village of Brewster) 
Desmond Fish Library—845-424-3020 (Garrison) 
Julia L. Butterfield Library—845-265-3040 (Cold Spring)  
Kent Library—845-225-8585 
Mahopac Library—845-628-2009 
Patterson Library—845-878-6121 
Putnam Valley Library—845-528-3242 
Reed Memorial Library—845-225-2439 (Carmel) 
Temple Beth Shalom—845-628-6133 (Mahopac) 

Stay up to date on the HeatRisk at www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/heatrisk.  

Extreme heat and indoor quality tips at https://www.epa.gov/emergencies-iaq/extreme-heat-and-indoor-air-quality